Organ control



Dec. 4, 1928.

J. H. HAMMOND. JR

ORGAN cou'fkon Original Filed Nov. 7, 1924 INVENTOR W ATTORNEY B OW QNNPatented Dec. 4, 1928.

urrs stare JOHN HAYS HAMI'IOND, JR., OI GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

ORGAN CONTROL.

Application filed November 7, 1924, Serial 115 748310. Renewed April 20,1928.

Some offthe objects of this invention are to provide improved means forcont-rolling the swell shutters and stops of a pipe organ by means of afoot pedal; for causing the 5 swell shutters and stops to' be operatedsimultaneously or alternately by the pedal; for causing the swellshutters and the stops to be operated in a predetermined succession; forhaving aplurality of'predetermine d arrange ments that can be selectedby means of tablets; and for changing the succession of operations ineach individualarrangement by hand.

In the. accompanying drawing there is shown a diagrammat-ical View,partly in section, of a systeu'i constructed in accordance with thisi'nyention.

Referring to the accompanying drawing,

one embodiment of this invention comprises a pedal mechanism 10, aselector mechanism 9 11, a switching means 12,:1 terminal board 13, aplugging-in boa rd 1.4, a primary organ 15, and a secondary organ 16.The pedal mechanism 1.0,consists of a pedal rotatably mounted upon ashaft 21, journalled in a pair of brackets 22. 23. Secured to the ripperend of the pedal 20, is an arm 25, to which is pivoted one end of a link26, the other end of which is phzotally connected to a rod 27.constructed of suitable electrically insulating material. such as hardrubber or the like. Secured to the front upper face of the rod 27 is a.strip 28 formed of conducting material, which normally engages a contact30, carried by but insulated from frame 31. Normally engaging theinsulated portion of the rod 27 and carried by the frame 31., are sixcontacts 3t, 36. 37, insulated from each other and rum the frame. Thesecontacts are connected by conductors 3S, 10, 41, -12, .13 respcctiwly,to six plates of comluctiug material 4-1, 45, -16, 47, 1-8, 4:9, mountedupon and insulated from a base 50. Upon the base are mounted fourswitches 51. Zr)... 53. 511. which cam be l'olat d about theirlongitudinal axes by means of our eleciro-umc'nctH 55. 56. 57. 58 whichhave associated therewith for actuation thereby the armatures 59. 00,G1. (52 respectively. These armatures are each keyed to the respectiveshaft of the switches 51, 52, 53, The armatures are held in normalposition as shown in the drawing by retractile springs such as 63.

The switch 51 comprises six contacts 61. 65, 66, 67, G8, G9 which, whenthe switch 51 is rotated, engage the plates 44, 45,46,47, 48. 49,respectively. Similarl the switch 52 comprises six contacts 71, 2 '73,74, 75, 76. The switch 53 comprises sixcontacts, 78,79, 80, 81, 82,83.The switch 541comp'riss5six contacts 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90. I

The contact 64 is connected bye conductor 92, to the terminal board 13,and thence by a flexible conductor 93 to a plug 94-, which may beinserted in a receptacle 95 in the plugging-in board .14, as shown. Thecontact 65 is connected by a. conductor 96 to the ter- Jmnal board 13.and thence, to a flexible conductor 97. to a plug 98, which may beinserted in a receptacle 99.. The contact 66 is connected by a conductor100 to t-he terminal board 13, and thence by a flexible conductor 101 toa plug 102 which may be inserted in a receptacle 103. The contact 67 isconnected by a conductor 104. to'the terminal board 13, and thence by aflexibleconductorj105tola plug 106 which may be inserted in .areceptacle107., The contact. 68 isconnectedby a conductor 109 to the terminalboard13,"and thence by a flexible conductor 110 to a plug 111 which may beinserted in arec'e'ptac-le 11 The contact .69 is connected by a con.-ductor 113 to the terminal board 13, from which it; is connected by aflexible conductor 115 to a plug 116. Theconta c-t, 71 is connected by aconductor 118 to the terminal board 13 and thence by a flexibleconductor ll9to a plug 120 which may be inserted inn receptacle 121. Thecontact 72 is connected by a conductor 122 to the terminal board 13, andthence by a flexible conductor .123 to a plug 124. The contact 73 isconnected by a conductor 125 to the terminal board ,13, and thence bythe conductor 126 to a plug 127 which may be inserted in a receptacle128. The contact 74 is connected by a conductor 130 to the terminalboard 13, and thence by uflexibleconductor 131 to a plug 132 which maybeinserted in a receptacle 133. The-contact 75 connected by. a conductor134 to the terminal board 13, and thence by a flexible conductor 135 toa plug 136. The contact 76 is connected by a conductor 137 toa terminalboard 13, and thence by a flexible conductor 138 to a plug 139 which maybe inserted in a receptacle 14:0. The contact 78 is connected by aconductor 142 to the terminal board 13, and thence by a flexibleconductor 143 to a plug 144 which may be inserted in a receptacle 145.The contact 79 is connected by a conductpr l lfitoatheterminal board 12and thenca'by ,a flexible conductor 147 to a plug' 148. The contact isconnected by a conductor 150 to the terminal board 13, and thence byaconductor -151to" a plug 152. which may be. inserted in a receptacle153. The coin tact 81 is connected by a conductor 1'54 to theterminalboard 13 and thence ,by. a conductor 155 to a. plug 156, whichmay be in in a receptacle l57. z',lheicontact 82 is by a'condu ctor.158to. the terminal boa.r; 13, and ,by tlexible conductor t ,aplngltitl, The contact 88 is-connected by acg'ndnctor 161bothe terminalboard 13, and thence bya -fiexible conductor 162 to a plug 163. .Thecontact- :isconnectcd by a 1 615 to the terminal board 13,- and thenceafjlenible con ductor 166 to a plug 167,,Whihf niayibelinserted in areceptacle 168;iIhecontactBQis connected by .a conduqtorll'fl) theterminal board l3,, a.nd

172 which 'inay b e inserted ;in a ,receptacle The Contact connected byaco n ductor 17.4to }tl e ;terminal board 13, and thenceby a fiexibleconductor 175 to aplug 176. ;The-contact 8S'is connected by a ,con-

to the terminal board 13, and thence, by a ;conductor 1.78 to a plug 179'whiclifmayflbe inserted in av receptacle 180. Theeontact 89. iisconnected hy a conductor .18. .'th. tmi, a1boa 1?, a thence y a flexibleconductor 182 to a plug 183 which maybeinserted in a. receptacle 1,84.The con- -tact' 901s connected by a conductor 185 to held inthe closedposition by means of a spring205. The swell motor 2 41s provided wit-hfour terminals 206. 207. 209. which are connectedon the inside to themechanism operating the swell motor. The terminal 206 is connected by aconductor 210 to one side of abattery 211,;the other side of which isconnected by a conductor 212 to the contact 36 of the ,Dedal mechanism16. The s .ve.ll motor 204 is connected by a pipe 213 to a suitablesupplv air pressure. The terminal 207 is connected by a conductor 214 tothe receptacles 191, 1 O7.- The terminal 208 is connected by a conductor215 to the receptacles 190. and 99, and the terminal 209 isc-onnectedhya conductor 216 to the recept..-

cles 157, and 95.

. ,Insidethe primary organchamber 15, there is mounted an organchest219, which is connected by a pipe 220 to a source of air underpressure, and is provided with three stops 221,

22, 223, each consisting ofia'series of pipes 224. 225, 226respectively. The stops 221, are controlled from three terminals 227,228, .229. The 7 ret urn from these three circuits is connected to aterminal 230. The terminal230 is connected by a conductor 231 totheterniinal 266. The terminal '227 is connected by a conduct-or to thereceptacles 184 and 1195. The terminal 228'is connected by a conductor233 to the receptacles 194.;1nd 128, andtlie terminal 229 isconnected bya conductor 234 to the receptacles 188 .and 121. The secondaryorganfchamber lfi is proyide'd with a plurality ,of swellshutters-240,which a re operated by a rod241, the lower end of which isconnected toa- 1ink 24 2, which in turn-is operated from a swell ;mot 0r 243 o'fstandard construction. The swell I11Qt01 243 isconnectedby a pipe 244 toa suitable source of air. under pressure, andis provided with fourterminals 245, 246, 247, 248.- The .terminal 245. is connectedbyaconductor 249 to the conductor 231. The terminal 246 is connected bya conductor 251 to the receptacles 145 and 103.- The terminal 247 isconnected by a conductor 252 tothe receptacles 153 and 112, and theterminal 248 is connected by a conductor 253 to the receptacles 192andl93. In the secondary organ chamber 16 is mounted an organ chest 255,which is connected by a pipe 256 tea-source of air under pressure. Thechest 255 isprovided with three stops 257, 258, 259, which consist ofsets of pipes 261, 262, 263. The stops 257, 258, 259 are controlled fromthree terminals265, 266,. 267. The return from these three circuits isconncctcd-to a terminal 268. The terminal 268 is connected by aconductor 270 to the terminal 245. The terminal 265 is connected by aconductor 271 to the receptacles 173 and 140. The terminal 266 isconnected by a. conductor 272 to the receptacles 168 and 196. and theterminal 267 is connected by a conductor 273 to the receptacles 180 and133.

The selector mechanism 11 consists of two tablets 280 and 281 which aremounted upon bases 282, 283,.of conducting material, which are rotatablymounted upon a rod 284. formed of conducting material, and journalled ina pair of brackets 285, 286. The rod 284 is con nected by a conductor287, to the common return conductor 210, and to one pole of the battery21 1. Mounted upon a board 289 are two contacts 291, 292. which areengaged by the bases 282. 283. of the tablets 280, 281, whenthese-tablets are depressed. The contact 291 is connected by a conductor293to one term nal of the magnet 55. and by a branch conductor 294 to aterminal of the coil of the. mag:- net 56. The contact 292 is connectedby a conductor 295 to a terminal of the coil of the tion shown theoperator depresses one of the selectortablets, say for example, tablet280, which closes-a circuit from the battery 211 through conductor-S210and 287 to the rod 284, thence through strip 282, contact-291,

conductor 293, to the magnet 55,'and by-conductor294 to the magnet 56,the current from these two magnets returning along the'ccnductor 298back to the battery 211, thus energizing the two magnets 55 and 56. Thiswill cause the switches 51 and 52 to be rotated about their-axes, thuscausing the contacts 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and the contacts 71, 72,73, 74,75, 76, to engage the plates 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,49, respectively.

- When the operator rotates the pedal 20 in a clockwise direction aboutthe shaft 21, the rod 27 will be moved downwardly, thus bringing thestrip 28 of conducting material into successive engagement with thecontacts 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. When the strip 28 engages the contact32, a circuit will he closed from the battery 211 through conductor 212,contact 30, strip 28. contact 32, conductor 38, plate 44, contact 64,conductors 92, 93, plug 94, assumed to be inserted in the'receptacle I95, conductor 216, to the terminal 209 on the swell motor 204. thencethrough the primary mechanism of this motor, to the return terminal 206,common' return conductor 210 to the battery 211, thus causing the swellmotor to operate one step, and open the swell shutters 201 a smallamount. At the same time a circuit will be closed from the plate 44through contact 71, conductors 118, 119. plug 120, conductor 234, to theterminal 229, thence through the stop action 223 to the return terminal230, conductor 231 to the terminal 206, common return conductor 210 tothe battery 211. This operates the stop action 223. thus throwing onthis stop, represented by the series of pipes 226, any one or more ofwhich may be sounded from the usual keyboard of the instrument. which isnot shown.

When the strip 28 engages the ('onlacl 33. a circuit is closed frombattery 211. conductor 212, contact 30. conducting strip 28, contact 33,conductor 39, plate 45. contact 65.

conductors 96, 97. plug 98. receptacle 99, conductor 215, to theterminal 208 of the swell motor 204, common terminal 206 of the swellshutter motor 204, common conductor 1.0 to the opposite pole of thebattery 211, thus causing the swell motor 204 to open swell shutters201. an additional amount, whereby to increase the volume of soundemitted from the primary organ 15. It will be noted that the circuitthrough contact 7 2 and conductor 122 is opened asjthe plug 124 isnotinserted in the receptacle in the plugging-in board 14.-

Continued'actuation of the pedal 20- and downward movement ofthe. strip28 causes the following circuit to be closed. Battery 211, conductor212,c'ontact- 30,- conducting strip '28, contact 34, conductor-40,plate-46, contact 66,-c0nductors100, 101,-plug. 102, ire-.- ceptacle103, conductor 251,? terminal 2460f:

the swell'shutter motor 243,common terminal- 245, swellshuttermotors243, common lreturn' conductors 249, 210,-to'the oppo sitepole=oit the battery 211. w..-The swellshutterxmotors243. is thusenergized to open the swell shutters 240 of the secondalry-organ 116'to-anlim'itbd extent. The following circuitis closed. Battery 2151,conductor.212,:contact 30, conduct ing strip 28, contact 34, conductor;40,--plat'e' 46, contact 73, conductors-125, 126, .plug 127, receptacle128.- conductor -233,-- terminal- 228 of the stop 222, comrnon terminal2300fthe chest 219, common return conductors 231; 210 to the oppositepole of the battery 211. -'Thus the stop 222 is operated torender'the'pipe 225 effective for producing in the primary organ 15 adifferent musical effect from that previously obtained. a

Similarly, when the conducting stripr28 engages contact-35, acircuit'will :be'closed through plate 47, contact67, conductors 104,

105, plug 106, receptacle 107, conductor i214, terminal 207 ofthe'swe'il shutter motor :204, common terminal 206 of the swell-shuttermotor, common return conductor 210 to bat= tery 211 to cause the swellshutter motor204 to open the swell shutters 201', to the primaryorgan 15to the full amount." A eircuitwill then be closed through contact 74,conductors 130. 131, plug 132, receptacle'133, conductor 273, terminal267 of'the stop action 259, main terminal 268 of the chest 255, com'-:mon return conductors 270, 249, 210 to the battery 211. The stop action259 will thus be operated to render the pipe 263 effective.

Similarly, when the conducting -strip 28 engages the contact 36 acircuit will be closed from battery 211, common conductor 212, contact30, conducting strip 28, contact 36, conductor 42, plate 48, contact 68,conductors 109, 110, plug 111, receptacle 112, conductor terminal 247 ofthe swell motor 243, common terminal 245 of the swell shutter lllOlKH'243, connnon return conductors 249, 210 to the opposite pole of thebattery 211. The swell shutter motor 243 will thereupon be energized toits fullest extent.

\Vhen the strip 28 engages the Contact 57 a circuit will be closedincluding the plate 49, contact 7 6, conductors 137, 138, plug 139,receptacle 140, conductor 271, terminal 265 of the stop action 257,common terminal 268 of the chest 255, common return conductors 270, 249.210 to the battery 211. Thus the stop action 257 is operated forrendering effective the pipe 261.

- It will thus be seen tbat the complex combina'tioii'ofthe circuits forrendering cfi'ecti 'e a-pluiality' oi swell shutters. each of adifferentdegree; will render etl'ective a desired nu'niber' of stopactions in desired cmnbination's." While the complexity of thesecombina-tions is so great that the performer cannot select thein duringa performance of music, the switching mechanism herein featured providesmeans for predetcrmining the desired operations and simplifies thecontrol thereof so that the performer may readily obtain an agreeableand novel combination of sounds; I 'The invention upon which thisapplication is based is broader than the specific cmhodinients shown anddescribed for the purpose of illustrating some of the ways in which itmay belemployetlb The scope of the invention thereforeunders'tood not tobe limited by the pr'esent specific description. I intend no limitationsother-thanthose imposed by the appended claims.

\Vhat I claim is p 1-. Ina musical instrument, the combination' with asound producing mechanism and means for controlling the sound producedthereby,- of a manually operable control device. switching mechanismoperated by said device-,othe-r switching mechanism interconn'ccting.said tirst named switching mechanism e-andsaidso'un'tlcontrol device.and a sequentially operable controller for initially rendering certainportions of the sound producing mechanism effective and for subsequentlyrendering other. portions of the sound producing mechanismietfcc-tiveaccording to the'prcdcte'rmined adjustment of the manu ally-operablecontrol device.

2.-Ina-nmsiczil instrument, the combinationwitl'r a sound' producingmechanism and;

means for controlling the sound produced thereby, of an adjustablecontrol device. transitionmechanism operated by said device; selectormechanism operatively interconnecting; said transition mechanism andsaid sou'nd'control device, and a sequentially operaldc controller forinitially renderim certain portions of the sound producing mecli: anismell'ective and'for subsequently renderinc additional portions of thesound producing mechanism etiectivc a-c'cordiinl to a pre- (lm'ern'iinedadj ustmentof said control device.

3. In a musical instrument, the combination with a soundproducingmechanism and means for controlling' the sound producedthereby, a device movable at the will of an operator, electro-magi'zeticmeans for actuat means for controlling the sound produced thereby. of 'amanually operable control devi e. switching mechanism operated bysaiddevice. other switchingmechanismarranged to be adjusted into desiredposition, and a sctpzcntiaily operable controller for'render mgeti'ecti-ve desired portions of the-sound producing mechanism inaccordance with the conjoint action of the i'nanuaily operable control(lQFlCe and the second named switching mechanism. 7 p

In a musical instrument thecombination with a sound producing mechanismandmeans for controlling the sound produced thereby, of a mamiallyoperable control device, switcln, Eng mechanism operated by said device.a second manually operable control device interconnecting said switchingmechanism and the said control device, and a sequentially operablecontroller for controlling the' sound. producin; mechanism selectivelyaccording to the conjoint action of said manually opera ble devices.

